Study of Carbon Emission by Vehicles and its Impact on Environment and Climate on BP highway

Abstract

Climate catastrophes like global warming and the rise in air temperature have increased as a result of a rise in emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. The fundamental cause of climate change is a spike in carbon dioxide concentration, and many nations are implementing strategies to reduce this pollutant level. The transport industry is proven to be the main source of carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, the basis for this study is the assessment of carbon dioxide gas emissions generated by the busiest roadway in Nepal. Thus, the various reports, journals, and books were reviewed relevant to the determination of emission of carbon dioxide gases from transport sector. Likewise, a survey was done by using questionnaire at chosen locations located
on BP highway route near Kathmandu Valley. Similarly, the various parameters were also estimated from the survey and utilizing Weibull Distribution equations for VKT (Vehicle kilometre travelled), energy demand and emission factor etc. In order to ascertain the relationship between the atmospheric temperature at Mangaltar and the emission of carbon dioxide by the transport sector, the study was also carried out at the Mangaltar station, one of the stations of the BP highway. The results showed a positive connection with a correlation coefficient of 0.46 and a significance level less than 0.05, which is 0.01. Moreover, the projections study for carbon dioxide emissions showed a value of R2 comparable to 0.98, demonstrating the reliance of carbon dioxide emissions on a yearly rise in the number of vehicles. Furthermore, the combined result of all strategies demonstrated that electrifying the transportation sector and a decline in the overall number of personal vehicles may reduce carbon dioxide emissions load by 90.24% by the year 2041 A.D. As a result, it has been determined that if this pattern continues, emissions will rise to approx 46727 tons/year by 2041, which could contribute to the further rise in temperature as anticipated by other researchers. However, by modifying policies and methods, emissions can be reduced to zero in the upcoming years.